The European Union (EU) is a diverse region, with each member country having its own set of social security laws. Regardless of whether individuals are local residents or come from abroad, these laws dictate the same rights and obligations for all workers within a given country.
To ensure a seamless experience for those relocating within the EU, there are coordinated EU rules in place. These rules safeguard individuals from losing their social security benefits, such as pension rights and healthcare, when moving to another EU country. Moreover, they provide clarity on which national laws are applicable.
Under EU regulations, individuals are subject to the social security laws of only one country at a time, necessitating them to make their social security contributions exclusively in that specific country. Generally, the laws of the country where a person is actively working—be it as an employee or self-employed—apply, and contributions are required to be made there. The location of residence or the base of the employer is immaterial.
However, there exists an exception for individuals working abroad for less than 2 years. They have the option to maintain their insurance and continue making contributions in their home country.
For those engaging in work across multiple countries simultaneously, distinct regulations delineate the applicable laws and guide them on where to fulfil their contribution obligations.